Understanding the
Mechanism
Learn more about the fascinating world of locks and keys
Key Components
Discover the parts of the key that make locks secure
Bitting
The bitting consists of the specific cuts or notches on the blade that directly engage with the lock's pins. Each cut has a unique depth, which is carefully measured and manufactured according to a key code system. The correct combination of bitting depths allows the lock’s pins to align at the shear line, enabling the key to turn and unlock the mechanism. Different key-cutting methods, such as laser-cutting or traditional key duplication, affect the precision of bitting.
Main Purpose: Precision
Shoulder
The shoulder is the small, raised edge between the blade and the bow that serves as a stopping point when inserting the key into a lock. It ensures the key is not pushed too far into the keyway, which is crucial for proper alignment with the internal pins. The shoulder also acts as a reference point for key duplication, as it determines the starting position for cutting the bitting. In some specialized keys, the shoulder may be absent or modified for different security mechanisms.
Main Purpose: Alignment
Bow (Head)
The bow is the part of the key that is held by the user and provides leverage for turning the key in the lock. It is often designed with ergonomic con-siderations to make gripping and turning easier. Many bows have branding, serial numbers, or other identifying marks that help with key organization. Some modern keys have plastic or rubber-coated bows for improved grip, and high-security keys may integrate electronic chips or RFID technology within the bow.
Main Purpose: Grip
Tip
The tip of the key is the first part that enters the lock, guiding the blade into the keyway. A well-designed tip ensures smooth insertion and helps prevent damage to both the key and the lock. In some keys, the tip may be slightly rounded or beveled to facilitate easier entry. If a key’s tip is damaged or worn down, it can affect how the key interacts with the lock’s internal components, potentially causing jamming or difficulty in turning.
Main Purpose: Entry
Grooves (milling)
Grooves are the long channels or indentations that run along the length of the blade, providing additional security and ensuring the key aligns properly within the lock. These grooves prevent incorrect keys from fitting and help guide the key into the correct position. In high-security keys, complex groove patterns are used to add extra layers of protection against unauthorized duplication. Laser-cut or dimple keys often have unique groove designs that enhance their security.
Main Purpose: Guidance
Blade
The blade is the longest part of the key and is responsible for interacting with the lock mechanism. It features a series of cuts or notches that correspond to the internal pins or tumblers inside a lock. The shape and size of the blade determine the key's compatibility with specific locks. Some blades have additional grooves or milling to enhance security, preventing unauthorized duplication. The thickness and width of the blade are also essential factors in ensuring the key fits smoothly into the keyway.
Main Purpose: Functionality
Ward (Key Pattern)
The ward, or keyway pattern, refers to the specific shape of the internal cutout in the lock that matches the profile of the key blade. This design ensures that only keys with the correct shape can be inserted, adding an extra level of security. Some high-security locks use restrictive keyways with unique warding patterns that prevent unauthorized key duplication. In traditional warded locks, the key must navigate around internal obstructions to reach the locking mechanism.
Main Purpose: Restriction